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Confidential adviser

A person within an organisation, to whom employees can report confidential matters, such as malpractice and violations of the integrity standards. The confidential adviser can also address and prevent undesirable behaviour such as bullying, harassment and discrimination in the workplace. Integrity, anonymity (if desired) and confidentiality are key elements of…

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Business integrity

Acting within the framework of laws and regulations with inventive use of professional expertise. A characteristic of an organisation with high business integrity is that it acts to prevent conflicts of interest, corruption, fraud, violations of the law and/or other acts that are socially undesirable.…

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Accountant

A chartered accountant (RA) or an accounting consultant (AA). The term accountant is also used to refer to an accounting firm. In these recommendations, the term accountant refers to the accountant who audits the organisation’s annual accounts, or issues a compilation report in connection with them. An accountant may be…

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What is Financial Crime Risk?

Financial crime risk refers to the potential threat or vulnerability that an individual, organization, or financial institution faces regarding illegal activities that involve monetary transactions, deception, fraud, or manipulation of financial systems for illicit gains. Financial crime risk encompasses a wide range of unlawful activities aimed at generating profits or…

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An analysis of the relation and differences between Article 5 paragraph 3 ECHR and Article 5 paragraph 4 ECHR

According the Criminal Yearbook of 1990, the Court’s judgment in Brogan and others (EHRC 29 November 1988, A. 145-b) was very important for the development of the Dutch Criminal Law. As a result of this famous judgment, the Netherlands Minister of Justice requested the Moons’ Commission to advise speedily about…

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