HR fraud, also known as human resources fraud or employee fraud, refers to deceptive or illicit activities committed by individuals within an organization’s human resources department or related to employment practices. This type of financial crime encompasses various fraudulent actions, including but not limited to falsification of credentials, misrepresentation of…
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Procurement fraud refers to the manipulation, deception, or misrepresentation in the procurement process, where individuals or entities seek to obtain goods, services, or contracts through illicit means for personal gain or to benefit a particular party. This type of financial crime encompasses various fraudulent activities, including bid rigging, collusion, bribery,…
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Asset misappropriation refers to the illegal or unauthorized use, theft, or diversion of an organization’s resources or assets by employees or third parties for personal gain. This type of financial crime involves various fraudulent activities, including but not limited to embezzlement, theft of inventory or cash, payroll fraud, and misuse…
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Cybercrime and data breaches have evolved into one of the most disruptive and strategically significant threats within the modern corporate landscape. In an era where digital processes form the backbone of virtually every organization, the speed, scale and sophistication of cyberattacks create a risk dynamic that continuously outpaces traditional security…
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Customer fraud, also known as consumer fraud or retail fraud, refers to deceptive or unlawful practices carried out by individuals against businesses or other consumers for financial gain. This type of financial crime encompasses a wide range of fraudulent activities, including but not limited to identity theft, credit card fraud,…
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Collusion and antitrust infringements strike at the very heart of what modern market economies are designed to safeguard: free competition, market transparency and the efficient allocation of resources. When companies—whether openly or covertly—enter into price-fixing arrangements, allocate markets or otherwise coordinate their conduct to reduce competitive pressure, the resulting distortion…
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Market manipulation constitutes one of the most disruptive forms of market abuse, striking at the very foundation of a well-functioning financial system. The deliberate distortion of price or volume formation, or the exploitation of information asymmetries, not only undermines the reliability of market mechanisms but also erodes the trust that…
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Tax Evasion and Tax Fraud constitute one of the most pressing and multifaceted challenges within the domain of financial crime today, reflecting a complex interplay between deliberate legal evasion and sophisticated manipulation of fiscal frameworks. In this ever-evolving landscape, both corporations and private individuals systematically seek to circumvent their tax…
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Bribery and corruption constitute a persistent, structural threat that undermines both the integrity of markets and the functioning of public and private institutions. These phenomena manifest not only in their classic forms—such as the direct offering or acceptance of bribes—but also in more sophisticated variations, including conflicts of interest, improper…
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Fraud constitutes one of the most disruptive forms of financial crime within the modern economy, striking at the core of an organisation’s operational and strategic integrity. While fraud was once associated with relatively rudimentary forms of deception, the digitalisation of business processes, the globalisation of markets and the increasing complexity…
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