Sanctions and embargoes have evolved into highly influential instruments within international law and the broader geopolitical arena, with a scope that reaches deeply into the commercial, financial and operational structures of businesses across the globe. These measures—imposed by states or multilateral organisations such as the United Nations or the European…
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The financing of terrorism constitutes an exceptionally complex and strategically sensitive dimension of global financial crime, distinguished by its direct and far-reaching implications for national security, geopolitical stability and the integrity of the international financial system. Whereas traditional money laundering is primarily aimed at obscuring the illicit origin of funds,…
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Money laundering represents one of the most complex and destabilising risks within the global financial system. The phenomenon is characterised by a sophisticated sequence of actions designed to obscure the illicit origin of funds and seamlessly integrate them into the legitimate economy. The techniques employed range from traditional cash-based transactions…
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