nederlands

Expropriation and obligations to tolerate are among the most intrusive instruments within the physical domain, because they affect the very core of ownership, control, use autonomy and legal certainty. Whereas permitting, supervision, enforcement and spatial decision-making often operate within a framework of regulation and conditions, expropriation and obligations to tolerate…

Enforcement is the point within environmental and spatial planning law at which standard-setting, permitting, policymaking, and administrative responsibility must prove their practical credibility. A rule that exists only on paper, a permit condition that is not monitored, an order that is not followed up, or a violation that remains structurally…

Energy law has developed into a strategic field of law in which the traditional regulation of energy production, transmission, supply and consumption can no longer be separated from spatial planning, climate policy, competition law, administrative decision-making, State aid, procurement, subsidies, investment protection, public governance and integrity control. The energy transition…

Declarations of intent, settlement agreements and anterior agreements occupy a position within the physical, spatial and administrative domain that extends considerably beyond their classical contractual classification as arrangements, compromises or instruments of cost recovery. These agreements often form the legal, administrative and financial threshold to subsequent decision-making, area development, permitting,…

Decisions, legislation and policy constitute the normative and administrative foundation of any system in which environmental law, planning and integrity-related issues must be governed in a credible manner. Particularly in the physical domain, where public powers, private interests, economic value and societal consequences converge to a significant degree, the quality…